Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycaemia Presentation

Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus Hypoglycaemia
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. Hypoglycaemia refers to low blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Hypoglycaemia can occur due to various factors such as excessive insulin, delayed or missed meals, or increased physical activity.	Image Source
		1

Symptoms of Hypoglycaemia
Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include shakiness, sweating, dizziness, confusion, and irritability. Some individuals may experience blurred vision, headache, fatigue, or difficulty concentrating. Severe cases of hypoglycaemia can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, or even coma if left untreated.	Image Source
		2

Causes of Hypoglycaemia in Diabetes Mellitus
Overdose or excess use of insulin or certain diabetes medications can cause hypoglycaemia. Skipping or delaying meals, especially after taking insulin or diabetes medications, can also lead to low blood sugar levels. Engaging in intense physical activity without adjusting medication or food intake can result in hypoglycaemia.	Image Source
		3

Prevention and Management of Hypoglycaemia
Regular blood sugar monitoring is crucial to identify and prevent hypoglycaemic episodes. Consuming regular meals and snacks, especially before physical activity, helps in preventing low blood sugar levels. Adjusting diabetes medication doses in consultation with healthcare professionals can help prevent hypoglycaemia.	Image Source
		4

Treatment of Hypoglycaemia
The immediate treatment of hypoglycaemia involves consuming a source of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or candy. If the person is unconscious or unable to swallow, intravenous glucose or glucagon can be administered by healthcare professionals. After treating hypoglycaemia, it is important to monitor blood sugar levels and ensure they stabilize within the target range.	Image Source
		5

Hypoglycaemia in Different Types of Diabetes
People with type 1 diabetes are more prone to hypoglycaemia due to the use of insulin therapy. Individuals with type 2 diabetes who use insulin or certain medications that stimulate insulin secretion are also at risk. Hypoglycaemia is less common in people with type 2 diabetes who manage their condition through lifestyle modifications or oral medications.	Image Source
		6

Hypoglycaemia and Driving
Hypoglycaemia while driving can be extremely dangerous and increase the risk of accidents. People with diabetes should regularly check their blood sugar levels before driving and carry fast-acting carbohydrates in the vehicle. If experiencing hypoglycaemia symptoms while driving, it is important to pull over safely and treat the episode before continuing.	Image Source
		7

Hypoglycaemia and Exercise
Exercise can lower blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia in individuals with diabetes. Planning ahead, adjusting medication or food intake, and monitoring blood sugar levels before, during, and after exercise is essential. Carrying a source of fast-acting carbohydrates while exercising helps in managing potential hypoglycaemia.	Image Source
		8

Long-Term Consequences of Hypoglycaemia
Frequent or severe episodes of hypoglycaemia may lead to impaired awareness of low blood sugar levels over time. Hypoglycaemia unawareness can increase the risk of severe episodes and complications. Long-term consequences of hypoglycaemia may include cognitive impairment, cardiovascular events, and reduced quality of life.	Image Source
		9

Summary and Key Takeaways
Hypoglycaemia is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by low blood sugar levels. Regular blood sugar monitoring, proper meal planning, and medication adjustments are important for prevention and management. Prompt treatment of hypoglycaemia with fast-acting carbohydrates is crucial to prevent complications.	Image Source
		10

References (download PPTX file for details)
American Diabetes Association. (2021). Hypogl... International Diabetes Federation. (2019). Ma... Mayo Clinic. (2021). Hypoglycemia. Retrieved ...
		11